The Adverse Effect of the 2-1-1 Regimen for Rabies PEP in Preschool Children / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) has proved to be the most important measure for rabies prevention and control. There is little information regarding adverse reactions to the Essen and 2-1-1 regimens in preschool children (aged 0-6). We reexamined the outcomes of 1,109 preschool children who were vaccinated using SPEEDA under the Essen regimen between January 2011 and December 2012 and 1,267 preschool children under the 2-1-1 regimen between January 2013 and December 2014. We find that, in preschool children, the febrile reaction after the first 2-dose injection in the 2-1-1 regimen was significantly higher than that induced by the first 1-dose in the Essen procedure. Thus, we recommend that the Essen regimen should still be used for rabies PEP in preschool children.

Prevention and treatment of complications during and after endoscopic mucosal band ligation for esophageal precancerous lesions and early cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevention and treatment of complications during and after endoscopic mucosal band ligation (EMBL) for precancerous lesions and early cancer in the esophagus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 47 patients with esophageal precancerous lesions and early cancer undergoing EMBL in our center from June 2011 to August 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Complications and associated treatment during operation, after operation and during follow-up were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Complications during operation included 7 cases of bleeding (14.9%) and 1 case of perforation (2.1%), who received hot biopsy forceps and argon plasma coagulation to stop bleeding successfully, and titanium clamp to suture wound surface. No cutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax occurred. Complications after operation included 1 case of delayed bleeding (2.1%) who received blood stopping under gastroscope, 2 cases of mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema (4.3%), 6 cases of pleural effusion (12.8%), and 5 cases of minor inflammation or segmental atelectasis of pulmonary (10.6%), who all received successful conservative treatment. Seven cases of esophageal stricture occurred during follow-up, who were improved by balloon dilatation and metal-film stent placement. No deaths associated with EMBL occurred. All the complications were cured through conservative treatment. No additional surgery associated with the complications was needed. Post-operative pathology revealed 1 case was chronic inflammatory hyperplasia, 11 were low-grade intraepithelial tumor, 15 were high-grade intraepithelial tumor, 8 were carcinoma in situ, 12 were squamous cancer (8 with invasion into mucous muscular layer, 4 into submucous layer). Only 1 case of submucous cancer needed transthorax esophageal cancer radical operation because of dangerous margin. No relapse case was found during followed-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EMBL can treat the esophageal precancerous lesions and early esophageal cancer effectively and its complications can be managed with conservative therapy usually.</p>

Down-regulation of Ech1 decreases the adhesion ability of mouse hepatocarcinoma Hca-F cells / 中华肝脏病杂志

To examine the differential expression pattern of Ech1 protein in mouse Hca-F and Hca-P hepatocarcinoma cell lines with high and low rates of lymphatic metastasis, respectively, and to investigate the relationships between Ech1 expression and adhesion of Hca-F cells. Fluorescence two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) and mass spectrometry were used to detect Ech1 expression. Ech1 gene silencing was achieved by stable transfection of Hca-F cells with a plasmid vector harboring short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting Ech1, pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-Ech1. Ech1 mRNA and protein expressions were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Adhesive properties of cells were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and fluorimetric detection of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Endogenous Ech1 protein level was remarkably higher in the highly metastatic Hca-F cell line than in the Hca-P cell line (2.7-fold by 2D DIGE; 1.5-fold by Western blotting). shRNA-induced silencing of Ech1 significantly reduced the adhesion ability of Hca-F cells, as evidenced by decreased absorbance values of fibronectin and collagen I (Hca-F cells vs. pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-Ech1 cells: 1.42+/-0.26 vs. 1.01+/-0.27 and 1.14+/-0.07 vs. 0.90+/-0.09, respectively; P less than 0.05). Down-regulation of Ech1 can inhibit the adhesive capacity of metastatic Hca-F cells.

VSD combined with fascio-cutaneous flap transferation staging operation to treat post-traumatic osteomyelitis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the therapeutic effects of VSD combined with fascio-cutaneous flap transferation staging operation for the treatment of post-traumatic osteomyelitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From December 2007 to December 2009, 14 patients were treated with the technology of VSD combined with fascio-cutaneous flap transferation staging operatinon. Nine patients were males and 5 patients were females, and mean age was 36 years. All the patients were postoperative wound infection. Osteomyelitis of the tibia was in 9 cases, calcaneus in 3 cases, femur in 1 case, radius and ulna in 1 case; infection of time were from 2 to 96 weeks, an average time of 32 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 36 months, with an average of 19.2 months. All the patients were treated with debridement and VSD for 1 to 3 times, with an average of 1.57 times. The wounds of 13 cases healed well after flaps transferation, but of 1 case leakaged and healed after 3 weeks with the therapy of drainaging and changing dressings. Due to delayed healing or defects of bone, 8 patients had autologous bone grafted on the second stage. All wounds and fractures healed without recurrence of postoperative infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VSD combined with flap transferation is an effective treatment of post-traumatic osteomyelitis, which can shorten the treatment time and have better security and reliability than traditional methods.</p>

Augmentative plate fixation for the treatment of femoral hypertrophic nonunions subsequent to intramedullary nailing fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of augmentative plate fixation to increase stability in the treatment of femoral shaft nonunions subsequent to intramedullary fixation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine patients with femoral nonunions after intramedullary nail internal fixation were treated with augmentative plate internal fixation from April 1998 to Jane 2008, included 8 males and 1 female, with an average age of 32 years old ranging from 21 to 54 years. One case was upper 1/3 femoral fractures, 5 cases were middle 1/3 femoral fractures, 3 cases were lower 1/3 femoral fractures. The interspace of bone nonunion was more than 5 mm in 6 cases, of them, iliac bone grafting were applied in 4 cases, artificial bone combined with iliac bone grafting were applied in 2 cases; The interspace of bone nonunion was less than 5 mm in other 3 cases,artificial bone grafting was applied in 1 case, fitting bone callus were applied in 2 cases. All patients got protected weight loading preventing the main screw break.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients achieved radiological solid union at an average of 8 months (ranged 6 to 11 months ). The fixation was removed during 6 to 11 months after operation in 5 cases. Donor site pain of iliac occurrenced on 4 cases,3 cases relieved 1 month later and 1 case relieved 3 months later. No infection, fixation loosening or breaking was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The augmentative plate fixation can be applied at the fracture site to prevent the rotational instability. The technique is simple and does not require any special instrument, which facilitates an early weight bearing and gives a quick recovery from nonunion.</p>

Localization and expression of CLIC1 in hepatocarcinoma ascites cell lines with high or low potentials of lymphatic spread / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the localization and expression of CLIC1 in mouse hepatocarcinoma ascites cell lines with different metastatic potentials.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mouse hepatocarcinoma ascites models (a high potential of lymphatic metastasis cell line-Hca-F, and a low potential of lymphatic metastasis cell line-Hca-P) were investigated using fluorescent two-dimensional difference-gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) and mass spectrometry for detecting the localization and expression of CLIC1. Immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry and Western blot were used to assess CLIC1 protein status in the two cell lines.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CLIC1 expression was obtained in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of cells in both cell lines. 2-D DIGE showed that CLIC1 was overexpressed in Hca-F cells, 1.6 folds higher than that of the Hca-P cells. Hca-F cells also had a higher integral membrane CLIC1 in the Hca-P cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although CLIC1 expression is detected in both Hca-F and Hca-P cell lines, a higher protein expression level is present in Hca-F cells. CLIC1 may play an important role in tumor metastasis.</p>

Anatomic and clinical study of spinal osteotomies for traumatic fixed kyphotic deformity of thoracolumbar spine / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the safety and efficiency of spinal osteotomies for traumatic fixed kyphotic deformity of thoracolumbar spine with spinal cord injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Single-level vertebral osteotomies were performed on 3 groups of fresh-frozen human cadaveric lumbar spines. Group 1 underwent a conventional anterior opening-wedge or posterior closing-wedge osteotomy, Group 2 underwent a conventional decancellation posterior closing-wedge osteotomy, and Group 3 underwent the modified decancellation posterior closing-wedge osteotomy. Sagittal plane angulation as well as anterior height and distance of the spinal column were measured before and after osteotomy. In the clinical study, 26 cases of old thoracolumbar fractures with spinal cord injury, 36 years in average, were recruited in this study. The mean time from injury to this operation was 25 months ranging from 3 months to 11 years. Prior to the index surgery, 9 patients received conservative treatment, and 17 patients underwent surgical treatment. There were complete paraplegia in 10 cases and incomplete paraplegia in 14 cases (Frankel B 2 cases, C 10 and D 2). The patients suffered from the low back pain, the average score of VAS was 4.5 (2.5 - 6.0). The patients were found with remained kyphotic deformity of a mean 35 degrees (20 degrees - 75 degrees ). According to the deformity angles, conventional or modified decancellation posterior closing-wedge osteotomy was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On 3 groups of fresh-frozen human cadaveric lumbar spines, the mean correction was (38.0 +/- 2.5) degrees for Group 1, (36.0 +/- 3.6) degrees for Group 2, and (49.0 +/- 2.0) degrees for Group 3. The mean change in anterior height and distance was (13.8 +/- 1.4) mm and (30.2 +/- 2.5) mm respectively for Group 1. For Groups 2 and 3 it was only 2 - 4 mm. In clinical trial, all cases were followed up for 10 months to 6 years, average 12.5 months. Successful decompression and satisfied correction of kyphosis was noticed. The post-operatively mean angle of kyphosis deformity was 10.8 degrees , ranging from 0 degrees to 40 degrees . Neurological functional recovery was noticed in 50% of all cases. For complete spinal cord injury, 30% of cases partially recovered (sensory function), whereas neurological function recovery was noted in 64.3% of cases with incomplete spinal cord injury, a statistical difference was showed between the incomplete and complete spinal cord injury cases (P < 0.01). The score of VAS was 2.3 (1.0 - 3.5) at last follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The traumatic fixed kyphotic deformity of thoracolumbar spine with spinal cord injury could be treated with conventional or modified decancellation posterior closing-wedge osteotomy, neurological function and low back pain were expectably recovered.</p>

Application of the Innovative and Integrative Experiments on Special Skills Training in Food Sciences / 微生物学通报

In order to make students have integrative qualities and reform the shortage of former teaching methods in the food microbiology experiment,a new experiment teaching system was established,introducina the integrative and innovative experiment to the students gradually.The reformation of experiment in food microbiology has trained the students well and improved their special skills.Most important of all,it can offer them a chance to realize their own ideas.The students can design an innovative and integrative experiment to carry out their originalities.Good effects have been made since this system is very helpful to improve their consciousness of innovation and integrative abilities in doing experiments.

Preparation of Yeast-fermented Seasoner from Mytilus edulis Hydrolyzed by Bienzyme / 微生物学通报

Protamex,flavorzyme and neutrase were used for bienzyme hydrolysis of Mytilus edulis.Protamex and flavorzyme were determined as the optimal hydrolases by analysis of hydrolysis effects.After bienzyme hydrolysis,ester forming yeast fermentation was used to prepare seasoner.The effects of fermentation of single or compound strains on the value of FAN were detected by formaldehyde titration method.The results showed that the value of FAN was 0.65% when the conditions of ester forming yeast 1274 were as follows:inoculation volume 5%(v/v),fermentation temperature 28℃ and culture time 72h after bienzyme hydrolysis;the value of FAN was 0.78% when the hydrolytic solution was fermented by compound strains including ester forming yeast 1274 and 1202 under the same fermentation conditions.After fermentation of ester forming yeast,the seasoner gave a full-bodied smell of ester with fermentation flavour.